Soybean is also called golden beans. In this post, we will know how to cultivate soybean, which are the improved varieties and in which states of India it is cultivated the most. Soybean Cultivation is one of the popular crops grown in India, and it belongs to the legume family (legume crop). It is an oilseed crop and supplies about 18% of the oil in India.
It planted in the Kharif season, and it is also a profitable crop that gives good returns. Apart from oil, it makes food items like soy milk, soya flour, biofuel, animal feed, etc.
History of Soybean
The first soybean originated in Southeast Asia and was first cultivated by Chinese farmers in 1100 BC. I started doing. Around the first century AD, Japan and other countries began cultivating it. After 1870, it started becoming popular among the farmers. Its cultivation in India started in 1963.
Let us know what all the necessary steps to cultivate soybean respectively are –
Climate and soil
Soybean is a hot climate crop. In India, it planted in the Kharif season. It grows in all soils except sandy and light soils but gives good yield in well-drained or loamy soils.
Some key points related to soil and temperature for soybean crops:
- The pH value of the soil should be between 6.0 to 6.8.
- The temperature should be between 18°C to 38°C.
- Waterlogged, saline soil and alkaline soil are not suitable for soybean crops.
- Low temperature also seriously affects the growth of this crop.
Land preparation for soybean cultivation
For soybean cultivation in India, the land prepared from summer itself. To prepare the land, first ploughing should be done with the help of the tractor and its equipment, and finally, a rotavator should be used.
Ploughing
Ploughing of the land done correctly so that the harmful germs present in the soil are eliminated, and due to this, the roots of old crops also break, making the soil friable.
The New Holland Tractor is the best for this operation because it easily connects with several farming operations. After ploughing, it kept in the sun for a month.
Running the cultivator
After ploughing, large lumps of soil remain. Then, with the help of the cultivator, the soil becomes fine, and the land is level.
Running the Rotavator
Rotavator operated once before sowing. After that, the soil becomes finer, and the residues of the remaining crops in the field are also eliminated, making it easy to sow.
Seed Selection
The selection of seeds is essential for good production. Area wise improved varieties of soybean according to geographical location-
Improved varieties of northern plains
For Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar –
Pusa – 16, PS – 564, SL – 295, SL – 525, PB – 1, PS – 1042, DS – 9712, PS – 1024, DS – 9814, PS – 1024, PK – 416, PS – 1241, and PS 1347 etc.
Improved varieties of Central India region
For Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, North Maharashtra and Gujarat –
NRC-7, NRC- 37, JS- 93-05, JS- 95-60, JS-335, JS- 80-21, Samridhi, and MAUS 81 etc.
Improved varieties of the southern region
For Southern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh –
MACS- 24, Pooja, PS- 1029, CO-1, CO-2, KHSB-2, LSB-1, Pratikhara, Phule Kalyani, and Prasad etc.
Soybean Sowing
Soybean is a Kharif crop in India. Its sowing starts as soon as the monsoon arrives. Following points given for sowing of soybean –
- Soybean sown in the first week of June and July.
- Soil Moisture 10 cm of soil moisture is sufficient for sowing.
- Also, Soybean sown with a seed drill, and the sowing rate should be 25 to 30 kg seed per acre.
- The distance between two rows should be 45 to 50 cm, and the seed spacing should be between 4 to 7 cm.
- Seeds established at a depth of 2.5 cm to 5 cm.
- Soybean seed treated with Carbendazim 50% WP or any good fungicide
Fertilizer
- In the summertime, manure applied in the field. It is very beneficial for soybeans.
- Although soybean takes nitrogen from the atmosphere, it is not enough, so apply 10 to 15 kg nitrogen fertilizer per acre.
- Phosphorus 32 kg phosphorus is sufficient for soybean cultivation. Apply potash fertilizer only if there is a deficiency of potash in the soil.
Irrigation
Soybean is a Kharif crop, so it irrigated in sufficient quantities by rainwater only. If you plant it in the summer season, then 5-6 watering given at an interval of 12 to 15 days.
Weed Control
Weeds are also a significant reason for the decrease in soybean production. It stops its growth, which leads to a reduction in production. The following are the weeds that occur in soybean crops-
- broadleaf weeds
- narrow-leaf weeds
- weeds of the motha family
Measures to control weeds in soybean
- colpa
- slander, molest
- spraying weedicides
- Run the bullock driven Kolpa or Daura after the harvest is 15 to 20 days old.
- Weeding done after 15 to 20 days and after 35 to 40 days, respectively.
The use of bull driven Kolpa or Daura depends on the situation. Weeding has become expensive today’s time, so there are many weed control medicines available in the market.
Soybean Harvesting
All varieties come in about 90 to 120 days. When the leaves of the soybean dry and fall and the pods also dry, then it is time to harvest soybean. After drying, deposit it and get it threshed.
Profit in Soybean Cultivation in India
Soybean is a high demand crop that used in oil production and many products. Therefore, the soybean price depends on the output done all over India every year. Its price ranges from ₹ 3,000 per quintal to ₹ 7,000 per quintal.
- You do not have to give water by applying it in the rainy season. Rainwater is enough.
- Its cultivation is easy.
- Less labour required as compared to other crops.
- Compared to other crops like maize, the production is less and the higher the price, the more profit is made.
- The price gets more, which benefits you.
- Soybean is stored, and it does not spoil.
We hope this information is significant for you. But, if you want to recognize more about the Mini tractor, utility tractor, land preparation tractor. Then please stay with us and wait for our next blog. Moreover, we shall come with more exciting information.
